Baixe Produção de Hortaliças - Apostilas - Agronomia Apostila 2001 Parte1 e outras Notas de estudo em PDF para Agronomia, somente na Docsity!
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE AGRICULTURA
o FIT-11 -
PRODUÇÃO DE HORTALIÇAS-I
Wilson Roberto Maluf
Professor Titular
Departamento de Agricultura
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Lavras-MG
1º Semestre / 2001
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