Baixe Mapa Metabólico e outras Esquemas em PDF para Química, somente na Docsity! 2H+ H+ OXA L OA C E T A T E P Y R UV A T E S UC C INY L -C oA G L UT A R A T E C IT R A T E MA L A T E 2-OXO- A S P A R T A T E NO2 - NO3 - N2 NH4 CH3COSCoA A C E T Y L -C oA HOH C O2 NA D T R A N S A MINA T IO N 2H+ 2H + + C O2 5-A mino- levulinate Glycine H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ c H+ H +a F 0 F 1 F 1 β 2 1 α β α γ 10 c-s ub-u nits A D P+ Pi H+ 3.6.1.34 H +-t ran spor ting AT P synthase α δ F 6 oscp AT P ADP + P i F UMA R A T E UQH2 UQ UQH2 NA DH+H+ CH2COO- C(OH)COO- CH2COO- CH(OH)COO- CHCOO- CH2COO- -OOCCOCH2CH2COO- -OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA -OOCCOCH2COO- CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA -OOCCH=CHCOO- Glyoxylate Cycle -OOCCHO GTP GDPATP + HE ME P rotoporphyrinogen C oproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen P orphobilinogen 5-A mino- levulinate COO- CH2 CH2 H2NCH2C=O F ADH2 F ADC yt.b F e-S S UC C INA T E II CH3COCOO- P Y R UV A T E P i X Y C yt.c1 F e-S 2e- 2e- 1e- 1e- III 2UQ UQ UQH22UQH2 2UQ. _ UQ. _ C yt.bL C yt.bH C yt.c IV C uA C uB C uA 1.9.3.1 2e- Heme a Heme a3 2H+ 2H+4H + 4H+ 2H+ NAD+ NADH+H+ NAD+ 1.1.1.39 1.2.4.1 2.3.1.12 3.1.3.43 4.1.1.32 4.1.3.7 4.2.1.3 1.1.1.41 1.2.4.2 2.3.1.61 6.2.1.4 -OOCCH2CH2COO- 1.3.5.1 4.2.1.2 1.1.1.37 6.4.1.1 4.1.3.8 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.2 IS OC IT R A T E 2.6.1.1 2.3.1.16 4.1.1.71 1.2.1.16 5.1.99.1 5.4.99.2 4.3.1.1 1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14 6.3.5.4 1.6.6.1 1.7.99.4 1.7 .7.1 1.6 .6.4 1.1 8.6 .1 2.3.1.37 1.10.2.2 1.10.2.2 γ εδ β 3 β A T P A DP E NDE R G ONIC R E A C TIO N 1 .6 .5 .3 I F MNH2 F MN I 1.6. 5.3 2F e -S (5 C lusters ) H+ H+ H+ H+ ATP 4H+ 2H+ 2H+ or H+ PHOTO- SYSTEM l O2 3.6.1.34 NADP+ Glyceraldehyde Ribulose-1,5-bis-P 2β 88 H +c 3 2 ε a 3 2 α 1 α ε α β2 1 3 α α β 3 α β H+ H+ H+ H+ H+H+ H+ H+ H +H+ H+H+H+H+ H+ H+ H+H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+H+ Translocated protons H+ H+H+ H+ P i Ferredoxin 4H+ PC PC PC PQH2 2PQH2 PQ _. 2PQ _. Fe-S Cyt.f PQ 2PQ Cyt bf 2e- 1e- 1e- 2e- 2e- 2e- 2e- Cyc lic Ph otophosphorylation PQ PHOTO- SYSTEM II Cyt bc Non -cyclic electron flow 2e-2e- Mn 2e- * Protons from Water H2O H+ H+ 2H+ 2H+ γ ATP synthase CO2 Fixation H+ ADPPi H+ NADPH+H+ ATPTHYLAKOID MEMBRANE CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE THYLAKOID LUMEN STROMA (electric current) P680 Chl.a QA QB Pheophytin P700 Chl.A0 A1 Fe-S A T P A DP A T P 1/2O2 H2O PQH2 T o B rain - A M I N O A C I D S P Y R I M I D I N E S P U R I N E S C A T E C H O L A M I N E S A R O M A T I C A M I N O A C I D S hv V IS ION L I P I D P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S P O R P H Y R I N S S T E R O I D S I S O P R E N O I D S P H O S P H O L I P I D S D E G R A D A T I O N L I P I D B I O S Y N T H E S I S P E N T O S E S H E X O S E S P O L Y S A C C H A R I D E S C O C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + F OL IC A C ID C 1 P OOL V A L INE A T P A T P 4.1.1.4 1.1.1.30 C H C OC H3 3 C H C OC H C OO3 2 C H C H(OH)C H C OO3 2 3-OH-B utyrateA c etone A c etoac etate K E TONE B ODIE S HY A L UR ONIC A C ID DE R MA T A N B L OOD G R OUP S UB S T A NC E S P E P T IDO- G LY C A N N-A c -Neuraminate (S ialate) UDP - Iduronate UDP -N-A c - G alac tos amine UDP - G alac turonate G DP -F uc os e T DP -R hamnos e A DP - G luc os e UDP -G luc os e T DP -4-Oxo- 6-deoxygluc os e MA NNOS E C HIT IN C HONDR OIT IN P E C T IN A L G INA T E S INUL IN C E L L UL OS E O-A NT IG E NS S T A R C H G LY C OG E N L A C TOS E G A L A C TOS E O OH HO OH OH C H3 O OP P T O OH OH O OH AC NH HO OH O OHHO OP P U NHAC OH OH OH OH HO OH NHC OC H OH HO O OP P G C H OH2 HO P UDP -N-A c - G luc os amine pyruvate N-A c -Mannos amine-6-P UDP -G luc uronate G DP -Mannos e N-A c -Mannos amine UDP -N-A c -G luc os amine N-A c -G luc os amine-6-P S orbitol F ruc tos e-1-P E rythros e-4-P 3-Dehydrogulonate L -Xylos e L -L yxos e D-Xylulos e D-R ibos e R ibitol L -A rabitol L -Xylulos e L -R ibulos e L -R ibulos e-5-P L -Xylulos e-5-P L -A rabinos e Xylitol D-Xylos e D-A rabinos e D-R ibulos e A S C OR B A T E 2, 3-Dioxogulonate N-A c -G luc os amine-1-P Inos itol-PInos itolG luc uronateG ulonate G ulonolac tone 2-Oxogulonolac tone F ruc tos e 6-P -G luc onate D-R ibulos e-5-P D-Xylulos e-5-P Mannos e-1-P G DP -G luc os e T DP -G luc os e UDP -G alac tos e G alac tos e-P G luc os e-1-P G luc os e-6-P F ruc tos e-6-P F ruc tos e- 1: 6-bis -P OH H H H O HOC H 2 C C C C C O OH OHH OH H H O HOC H 2 C C C C O C O OHH H OH H C C OH C O P -R ibos yl amine G lyc erate 2, 3-Diphos pho- glyc erate 3-P -G lyc eraldehyde 1: 3-bis -P -G lyc erate 3-P -G lyc erate 2-P -G lyc erate P -enolpyruvate Inos itol C H OH2 C H OH2 HOC H C H OH2 C H O2 HOC H P G lyc erol UDP -G alac tos e UDP -S ugars C H C H OH3 2 E T HA NOL Dihydroxy- ac etone-P (G lyc erone-P ) G luc os amine-6-P P hos pho- s erine C hain elongation Mitoc hondrial S erine S erine Indole-3-glyc erol-P 3-Deoxy-D-arabino- heptulos onate-7-P Indoleac etate (A uxin) Indoxyl F ormylkynurenine K ynurenine 3-Hydroxy kynurenine 3-Hydroxy anthranilate 2-A mino-3-c arboxy muc onate s emialdehyde NH OH T ryptamine 1-(o-C arboxy phenylamino) 1-deoxyribulos e-5-P N-(5-P -R ibos yl) anthranilate A nthranilate C atec hol NH Indole- ac etaldehyde NH C H C HO2 Indolepyruvate N H C -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H O2 P C H 2-A minomuc onate- 6-s emialdehyde C H C H NH2 2 2 NH 1.2.3.7 4.1.1.43 3.5.1.9 3.7.1.3 4.2.1.20 1.13.11.6 4.1.1.45 2.4.2.18 4.6.1.4 4.1.1.48 1.14.13.9 4.6.1.3 Dehydro- quinate 4.2.1.10 1.1.1.25 2.5.1.19S hikimate-3-P S hikimate-5 enolpyruvate 3-P C horis mate P E P 2.7.1.71 1.4.1.19 Homogentis ate P henylpyruvate C innamate C oumarate P rephenate 2-A mino muc onate F umarate A s partate G LY C INE S arc os ine Hydroxy- pyruvate P -Hydroxy- pyruvate S E R INE Imidazole glyc erol-P P -R ibos yl-A T P P -R ibos ylformimino 5-aminoimidazole- c arboxamide-R P F ormimino glutamate Imidazolone propionate Uroc anate C ys tathionine Homoc ys teine P hos phoadenylyl- s ulphate (P A P S ) C H (NH )C OOH2 3 + His tidinol-PHis tidinolHis tidinal 3.1.3.15 2.6.1.91.1.1.23 3.6.1.31 5.3.1.162.4.2.17 A s paragine A L A NINE 3-S ulphinyl pyruvate Oxobutyrate 2-A c eto-2- hydroxy- butyrate O-P hos pho- homos erine HO S C H C H NH2 2 2 2 Hypotaurine HO S C H C H NH3 2 2 2 T aurine G lutamate γ-G lutamylc ys teine G lutathione G lyc ine C ys teine ß-A lanine C ys teate S -A denos yl homoc ys teine 4.2.99.2 1.1.1.86 4.2.1.9 1.1.1.86 4.2.1.9 2.6.1.32 4.1.3.18 S -A denos yl methionine (S A M) 2-Methylac eto- ac etyl-C oA 2-A c etolac tate 2-3-Dihydroxy is ovalerate 2-Oxo- is ovalerate 3-Hydroxy- is obutyrate 3-Hydroxy- Is obutyryl-C oA Methyl ac rylyl-C oA 2-Methyl-3- hydroxy- butyryl-C oA T iglyl-C oA 2 Methylbutyryl- C oA 2: 3-Di-OH- 3-methylvalerate 2-Oxo-3-methyl valerate Is obutyryl-C oA C ys teine s ulphinate 4.2.99.9 2-Is opropyl- malate C H C H C OC OO3 2 + C H C H(NH )C OO3 3 C H C H(OH)C OO3 HO S C H C OC OO2 2 OC H C OC OO2P OC H C H(NH )C OO2 3P HOC H C OC OO2 HOC H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + + OH C H C OC OO2 C OO OH OHO C OO OH OH HO P C OO OH OH O C H2 P C OO O-C -C OO OH O OH OOC C H C OC OO2 N H HOC -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H 2OP C H C OO NH2 C OO OH NH2C OO C OO OC H OOC C H NHC H2 3 C H (C H ) C OS -AC P3 2 14 C H (C H ) C OS C oA3 2 14 C H (C H ) C H=C HC O-S -AC P3 2 2 C H C H=C HC O-S -AC P3 C H C H(OH)C H C OS -AC P3 2 C OS C oA L inoleate Oleoyl-C oA S tearoyl-C oA Dehydros tearoyl-C oA OH-S tearoyl-C oA Oxos tearoyl-C oA P almitoyl-A C P P almitoyl-C oA A C Y L -A C P 2, 3-E noyl-A C P 3, 4-Dec enoyl-A C P 2, 3-Dec enoyl-A C P 3-OH-A c yl-A C P 3-Oxoac yl-A C P 3-Oxo-Dec anoyl-A C P 3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-A C P3-OH-Hexanoyl-A C P2, 3-Hexenoyl-A C P B utanoyl-A C P C rotonoyl-A C P 3-OH-B utanoyl-A C P A c etoac etyl-A C P Hexanoyl-A C P 3-OH-Dec anoyl-A C PDec anoyl-A C P P almitoleoyl-A C P γ-L inolenate A rac hidonate L eukotriene B 4 C OS C oA C O-S -AC P T hromboxane B 2 HOOC C H C O-S -AC P2 Malonyl-A C P HOOC C H C O-S C oA2 Malonyl-C o-A C H C O-S -AC P3 A c etyl-A C P C H O-C O-R2 C H OH2 R ’-C O-OC H F A T T Y A C ID A C Y L -C oA (C ytos ol) C H O-C O-R2 C H O2 R ’-C O-OC H P C ardiolipin P hos phatidylglyc erol A c etylc holine G lyc erophos phoc holine L ys olec ithin C holine plas malogen C DP -c holine C holine-P Mevaldate C H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H OH3 2 12 2 Dehydros phinganin S phinganin 4-S phingenin P s yc hos ine A c yl-C oA A c yl-C oA C erebros ide G alac tos eC H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H O-3 2 12 2 NHC OR Is opentenyl-P P (C 5) Dimethylallyl-P P (C 5) G eranyl-geranyl-P P (C 20) F arnes yl-P P (C 15) S qualene (C 30) G eranyl-P P (C 10) Des mos terol Zymos terol L anos terol C H C = C HC H O3 2 P P C H3 C eramide G anglios ides NHC OR C H O2 P P O P P C H2 C HOL E S T E R OL C H C (OH)C H C H OH3 2 2 C H C OO2 C H C (OH)C H C HO3 2 C H C OO2 NADP + Dehydroas c orbate OH H O HOC H 2 C C C C C O OHH OH OH H O HOC H2 C C C O C O C O H NA D+ P i A DPA DP P hytoene (C 40) L yc opene (C 40) ß-C A R OT E NE (C 40) R hodops inMetarhodops in R etinoate trans -R etinal 11-c is -R etinoltrans -R etinol (V itamin A ) R etinol es ters Dark L ight Ubiquinone (C oenzyme Q) Menaquinone P las toquinone P hylloquinone (V itamin K ) Ops in C HO C H OH2 C HO C H OH2 C H3C H O3 C H O3 n O O O O P hytol (C 20) α-T oc opherol (V itamin E ) Quinolinate Quinolinate- nuc leotide Nic otinate- nuc leotide Des amino-NA D 5-Hydroxy- tryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptamine (S E R OTONIN) N-A c etyl-5-O-methyl-s erotonin (ME L A TONIN) NH C H C H NHC OC H2 2 3HO NH C H C H NHC OC H2 2 3C H O3 +NA D( P ) NIC OT INA T E N-A c etyl-s erotonin 2.4.2.19 Dopamine Dopa Dopaquinone T HY R OXINEME L A NIN OH OH C HOHC H NHC H2 3 OH OH C HOHC H NH2 2 4-OH-3-Methoxy- phenylglyc ol C HOHC H NH2 2 OH OC H 3 C HOHC H OH2 OH OC H 3 4-OH-3-Methoxy- D-mandelate C yc lic A MP A T P Dephos pho-C oenzyme A 4-P -P antetheine 4-P -P antothenylc ys teine 4-P -P antothenate P antoate 6.3.2.1 1.1.1.169 3.5.1.22 2.7.1.33 NH NH O O O O C H OH2 OH OC H 3 C H(OH)C OO H2 NH3 + C H-C OO CO O C OO NR ibose- P N + C OO NH C H C OO2 O OH C H O2 P NHC OC H NH2 2 OH F ormyl glyc inamide-R P Urea F ormyl glyc inamidine-R P A llantoate A llantoin UR A T E A DP Xanthine Hypoxanthine Inos ine A denine A denylo- s uc c inate 5-A mino imidazole-R P 5-A mino-4-imidazole c arboxylate-R P 5-A mino-4-imidazole (N-s uc c inylc arboxamide)-R P 5-A minoimidazole c arboxamide-R P F ormylamido- imidazole- c arboxamide-R P H NC ONH2 2 HN H C2 C HO NH R P NH C C C O C C O OC NH N H H N HN H C C O C C H OC NH N N HN C arbamoyl ß-alanine Dihydro- urac il Urac il d-A DP d-A T P G T P G DP XA NT HOS INE -P (XMP ) T T P T DP ß-Ureido is obutyrate Dihydro thymine T hymine d-UMP d-C MP d-C DP C DP C arbamoyl as partate Dihydro orotate Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P (UMP ) UDP 3-A mino- is obutyrate C H C NH 2 C HOC NH NC H C O C HOC N H HN C H-C H3 C O OC N H HN C H 2 C H2 C H2 C O OC NH HN C O C HOC N H HN C C H3 Methylmalonyl s emialdehyde OHC C HC OO C H3 C H2 C O C H-C OOOC N H HN C H C O C -C OOOC N H HN H NC ONHC H C H C OO2 2 2 C C C C H R P HC NH NH OOC -C H-C H C OO2 N N N C HO NH R P NH OC H C2 2.7.7.43 3.1.3.29 1.1.1.158 5.1.3.13 2.7.1.38 3.2.1.23 3.1.3.29 4.1.3.20 2.7.1.60 5.1.3.14 5.1.3.7 5.1.3.1 2.7.1.4 5.4.2.3 3.1 .1.1 7 1.1.1.49 1.1.1. 21 2.7.7.23 3.1.3.251.13.99.11.1.1.19 1.1.3.8 5.3.1.3 2.7.1.53 1.1.1.9 2.7.1.15 2.7.1.17 5.1.3.4 5.1.3.1 2.2.1.2 4.1.2.13 2.7.1.11 2.7.1.47 2.2.1.1 1.2.1.12 1.1.1.29 1.1.1.95 1.3.1.35 1.14.99.25 2.3.1.41 2.3.1.41 2.3.1.41 1.1.1.100 5.3.99.5 4.2.1.60 5.3.99.3 1.14.99.1 1.13.11.34 1.3.1.10 1.3.1.9 1.14.99.5 1.3.1.9 4.2.1.61 4.2.1.60 4.2.1 .60 4.2.1.59 4.2.1.58 1.3.1.9 1.3.1.9 6.2.1.3 3.1.2.20 1.1.1.100 5.3. 1.1 HOOC -C OOH Oxalate G lyc olate HOC H C HO2 G lyc ol aldehyde E thanolamine-P 2.7.1.30 2.3.1.7 3.7 .1. 2 4.1.3.5 2.7.8.8 2.1.1.17 2.1.1.71 1.3.1.35 2.7.8.2 3.1.4.3 3.1.4.4 2.7.7.15 3.1.1.5 3.1.4.2 2.7.1.32 2.7.1.82 1.2.4.1 2.3.1.12 1.8.1.4 2.6.1.2 1.4.1.1 4.1 .1.1 2.3.1.50 1.1.1.102 3.1.4.12 2.7.8 .3 2.4.1.62 3.2.1.46 5.2.1.3 1.2.1.36 2.3.1.76 3.1.1.21 5.2.1.7 5.4.99.7 1.14.99.7 4.3.1.8 4.2.1.75 4.1.1.371.3.3.31.3.3.4 4.99.1.1 2.5.1.29 2.4.1.47 4.1.1.28 2.3.1.5 2.1.1.4 6.3.5.1 6.3.1.5 2.4.2 .11 2.7.7.18 2.6.1.5 1.2.1.32 1.13.11.5 2.1.1.28 2.1.2.2 6.3.3.1 3.5.2.5 1.4 .1.1 0 1.7.3.3 1.1.1.204 1.1.3.22 1.1.3.22 4.1.1.28 4.1.1.21 2.1.2.3 2.4.2.1 1.5.99.2 2.1.1.5 2.6.1.22 3.5.2.3 2.6.1.51 1.4.1.7 3.1.3.3 2.6.1.52 2.1.3.2 A C E T A T E 2.4.2.4 2.1.1.45 R P C H C O C HOC N HN 1.3.1.14 2.4.2.10 4.1.1.23 2.7.7.7 2.7.7.7 2.7.7.7 1.17.4.1 2.7. 7.7 2.7.4.14 4.4.1.1 1.6.4.1 1.13.11.20 4.4.1.8 4.2.1.22 1.1.1.27 4.1.1.29 6.3.2.3 6.3.2.2 1.8.1.3 L A C T A T E A c etaldehyde 2.7.1.24 2.7.7.3 4.1.1.36 B ile A c ids C H C H C OS C oA3 2 P ropanoyl-C oA 1.1.1 .31 2.1.3.1 4.1.1.41 5.1.99.1 6.4.1.3 6.3.2.5 2.1.1.14 2.1.1.13 4.6.1.1 C DP -E thanolamine 1.1.1.35 4.2.1.17 + HO S C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 3.5.2.7 NHHN C H OOC C HC H C H C OO2 2 C MP -N-A c etyl neuraminate C DP -diac yl glyc erol C HOL INE E thanolamine G lyoxylate HIS T A MINE 2.3.1.46 Homos erine T yramine P lant P igmentsT annins Maleyl ac etoac etate F umaryl ac etoac etate 5.2.1.2 C H C OO2 OH OH OH C H C H NH2 2 2 OH OH C H C H NH2 2 2 Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate α-T oc opherol (V itamin E ) L IG NIN d-G T P OH OH OH O HO OH P OP P T C H3HO OHOH O NA DP H 2.2.1.1 2.7.1.3 1.1.1.45 1.1.1.130 1.10.3.3 1.10.2.1 1.1.1.10 A T P C H C H NH2 2 2 NH HO 5.4.99.5 1.14.16.12.6.1.51.13.11.27 Indole 4.1.99.1 1.13.11.11 OH O OH NH C C C H C H O2 P H HC OO NH2 C OO 6.3.5.3 6.3.2.6 4.3.2.2 G uanine DNA 6.3.4.44.3.2.2 C C O C C H HC NH N N HN 3.5.3.4 2.4.2.1 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4 2.7.4.6 2.4.2.15 1.1.1.205 6.3.4.1 6.3.5.2 2.7.4.4 3.5.4.3 3.2.2. 2 2.4.2.1 3.1.3.5 3.1.4.6 6.3.4.2 1.17.4.1 1.17.4.1 3.5.4.12 2.7.4.8 2.7.4.9 2.7.4.6 2.4.2.4 1.3.1.2 3.5.2.23.5.1.6 3.5.1.6 3.5.2.2 3.5.4.1 Diphos pho- mevalonate Mevalonate 3-Oxopentanoyl-C oA 3-Oxoac yl-C oA3-OH-A c yl-C oA2, 3-E noyl-C oA 2, 3-Hexenoyl-C oA 3-OH-Hexanoyl-C oA A c etoac etyl-C oA3-OH-B utanoyl-C oAC rotonoyl-C oA P entanoyl-C oA 3-OH-P entanoyl-C oA 1.1.1.35 1.1.1.35 1.1.1.157 1.3.99.3 1.3.99.3 1.3.99.2 1.1.1.35 Odd C F atty ac ids S uc c inylhomos erine C O 2 2-OXO A C ID G lutamyl-P G lutamine UR E A P -C reatineC reatine C reatinine G lyc ine C IT R UL L INE G lutamic s emialdehyde 2-A MINO A C ID P yrroline-5- c arboxylate G lyoxylateP yruvate 4-Hydroxy- 2-oxoglutarate 4-Hydroxy- glutamate 3-Hydroxy- pyrroline- 5-c arboxylate P utres c ine H NC H C H C H C H NH2 2 2 2 2 2 S permidine S permine N -T rimethyllys ine66N -T rimethyl- 3-OH-lys ine C arnitine G lutaryl-C oA S ac c haropine2-A minoadipate s emialdehyde 2-A minoadipate2-Oxoadipate A rginino- s uc c inate G uanidoac etate Methylmalonyl-C oA 4.1.2.12 A s partyl S emialdehyde 2, 3-Dihydro- dipic olinate 1.2.1.11 4.2.1.52 1.3.1.26 P iperideine- 2, 6-dic arboxylate N-S uc c inyl- 2-amino-6-oxo- pimelate 2.6.1.17N-S uc c inyl-2, 6 diaminopimelate Diamino- pimelate 3.5.1.18 3-Methyl- glutac onyl-C oA (C H ) C HC H C OS C oA3 2 2 3-Methyl- c rotonyl-C oA Is ovaleryl-C oA OxopantoateHC HO OOC C H C = C HC OS C oA2 C H3 C H C OC HC OS C oA3 C H3 C H C H=C HC OS C oA3 C H3 C H C H(OH)C HC OS C oA3 C H 3 C (OH)C H(OH)C OO C H C H3 2 C H3 C H = C C OS C oA2 C H3 HOC H C HC OS -C oA-2 C H3 C H C HC O-S C oA3 C H3 C (OH)C H(OH)C OO C H3 C H3 C H C H C HC OS C oA3 2 C H 3 C H C = C HC OS C oA3 C H3 A T P 4-A minobutyrate (G A B A ) 1.3.99.7 1.5.1.2 1.14.11.2 2.6.1.39 1.2.1.31 1.14.11.8 2.5.1.16 2.5.1.22 4.1.3.16 2.6.1.23 1.5.99.8 1.5.1.2 6.4.1.4 1.3.99.10 4.2.1.33 2.6.1.6 1.1.1.85 Oxoleuc ine C OOH (C H ) C HC HC H(OH)C OO3 2 S -A denos ylmethyl thiopropylamine (Dec arboxylated S A M) P R OL INE C oenzyme A C H C = C HC H3 2 C H 3 O C H C H 3 3 HO C H3 C H 3 C H C -C H H O3 2 2C P P C H2 C H C = C HC H O2 2 P P C H3 3-P -G lyc erol P hos phatidyl ethanolamine C E P HA L IN 3.1.4.1 2 2.7.8.3 P roges terone 1.5.1.12 2.7.3.2 4.2.1.173.1.2.4 2.6.1.32 4.4.1.15 A c etyls erine 2.7.7.42.7.1.251.8.99.1 A denylyls ulphate (A P S ) 2.7.1.39 4.4.1.15 4.1.1.29 4.2.99.8 2.3.1.30 P -R ibos yl-P P 1.1.1.1 1.2.1.4 A s partyl-P 5.1.1 .7 2.7.1.40 4.1.3.18 4.1.3.18 1.5.1.9 1.14.11.1 C HOL INE 2.1.1.13 1.3.1.2 NHC H C H S H2 2 NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2P ADP - NHC H C H S H2 2 NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2 P -ADP - NHC H C H S H2 2 NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2 1.4.1.8 1.3.99.3 1.3.99.3 1.4.1.9 4.2.1.18 4.1.1 .20 1.3.99.7 1.8.99.2 + C H C O-OC H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 2.5.1.6 2.1.1.10 2.1.1.20 1.1.1.3 1.1.1.3 4.2.1.18 4.1.2.5 4.3.1.5 4.2.1.2 0 2.1.2.1 2. 1. 1. 20 G lyoxylate 2.1 .1.6 1.4 .3. 4 1.14.18.1 1.14.16.2 Hexanoyl-C oA B utanoyl-C oA 6.3.4.16 6.3.5.5 2.7.2.11 2.1.3.3 NO 1.14.13.39 3.5.3.63.5.3.1 4.3.2.1 4.1.1.17 2.7.7.41 2.6 .1. 4 1.1.1.100 1.1.1.8 2.3.1.51 2.3.1.15 2.7.8.5 S O -4 2 1.14.16.4 NH 2 OOC OOC 4.1.1.25 1.3.1.13 1.3.1.13 2.7.4.6 C Y T IDINE - triphos phate (C T P ) C ytos ine 2.4.2.9 4.1.1.11 2.6.1.18 4.3.1.3 4.2.1.49 3HS O - 1.1.1.105 2.3.1.41 NA DP H 1.1.1.2 2 2.3.1.4 5.5.1.4 3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48 2.6.1.16 1.1.1.14 2.7.7.34 4.2.1.47 2.4.1.68 2.4.1.69 2.4.1.9 5.3.1.8 2.4.1.11 O OP P U C H OH2 C H OH2 HO OH OH HO 2.4.1.21 4.2.1.52 1.2.1.18 4.2.1.18 O C H C C HOC N HN DP C H C O C HOC N HN R P P P OC H 2 H C C H OHOH C H NHN C H CP H O OC H2 C C H OH H OH C H C C C NH2 C C H HC N R P (P P ) N N N + P NH2H O OC H 2 C C H OH H OH C H C C OC C C H HC N R P N N NHP H OC H 2 C C H OHOH C O C H2 C C ONH 2 C C H HC N R P N N NHP + OOC C H N(C H )2 3 3 B etaine B etaine aldehyde 2.4.1.16 5.1.3.6 2.4.1.33 2.7.7.13 5.4.2.8 5.3.1.8 O OH C H OH2 HO OHO 2.7.1.28 2.7.1.31 6.3.4.13 5.3. 1.1 2.2.1.1 4.1.1.9 3.1.2.11 ß-OH-ß-Methyl- glutaryl-C oA 6.3.4.5 5.3.1.6 2.5.1.21 2.1.1.2 3.5.2.10 6.3.2.13 6.3.2.7-10 2.7.7.27 2.7.7.9 3.5.4.10 C C O C C H OC N R P N N H HN C C O C C H N N N HN R P H N2 C 2.7.4.6 1.17.4.1 2.7.4.6 2.6.1.13 C arbamoyl-P 2.3.1.9 C arnitine 2.6.1.4 2 .6.1.44 C H C (OH)C H C OS C oA3 2 C H C OO2 1.2.3.5 1.1.1.34 2.3.1.16 4.1.3.5 2.3.1.16 4.1.3.4 Menaquinone 4.1 .1. 15 2.6.1.19 4.2.1.16 C arnos ine C H C H NH2 2 2C NHN C HC H 4.1.1.22 4.3.1.3 Ubiquinone P las toquinone D-R ibos e-5-P NH C H C H(NH )C OO2 3HO + O OH OH HO OP P U C OO - O OH OH HO OP P U C OO - OH H OH HOC H 2 C C C O H C O C OO - O C HOH C HOHAcNH HO OP C OC O - C H OH2 O C HOH C HOHAcNH HO OH C OO C H OH2 O OHOH HOHO C H O2 P O OH AC NH HO OH C H O2 P O OOH HOHO P C H OH2 O OHOH HOHO C H OH2 O OHHO OH 3 C H O2 P O OHHO O NHC OC H 3 P C H OH2C H OH2C H OH2 O OHHO OH NH2 C H O2 P O OH HO OH OP P U C H OH2 O O HO OH OH P C H OH2 C H OH2 O O HO OH OH O OHOH OH C H OH2 O OHHO OH OH C H2OP OH H H HOH C C C C OH OHH C OO -HOC H 2 H OH OHOH C C C C HO HH HOC H 2 H OH OHH C C C C HO HOH HOC H 2 OH H OHH C C C C HO HOH HOC H 2 H OH HOH C C C C HO OHH HOC H 2 OH H HOH C C C C HO OHH HOC H 2 OH H OHOH C C C C HO HH HOC H 2 H OH HOH C C C C OHH H OH C OO -P OC H2 OH H OH C C C O H P OC H2 C H OH2 H OH H C C C O OH HOC H 2 C H OH2 C H OH2P OC H 2 H OH OH C C C O H C H OH2P OC H2 OH H H C C C O OH C H OH2P OC H2 H OH OH C C C O H HOC H 2 C H OH2 OH H OH C C C O H HOC H 2 C H OH2 OH H H C C C O OH HOC H 2 C H OH2 H OH OHH C C C HOH HOC H 2 C H OH2 OH H OHOH C C C HH HOC H 2 C H OH2 H OH HOH C C C C OHH H OH C H OH2HOC H 2 H OH OH C C C HO H P OC H 2 H OH HOH C C C C O OHH HOC H 2 C H O2 P H OH OHOH C C C HH HOC H 2 C H OH2 H OH OH C C C H C O H HO P OC H2 C H OH2 P H OH OH C C C H C O H HO C H O2 POC H 2 H OH OH C C H C C HO OH H P OC H 2 O OH NH2 OH C H O2 P C HOHC HOP OC H 2 HOC H2C OC H2OP O OH O OP P OH C H O2 P C HOHC OO PP OC H 2 C HOHP OC H2 C OO C OO OH OHO OH C OO C H (C H ) C H(OH)C H C OS -C oA3 2 14 2 C H (C H ) C OC H C OS -C oA3 2 14 2 C H (C H ) C OC H C OS -C oA3 2 14 2 C H (C H ) C OS -C oA3 2 n+2 C H (C H ) C H=C HC OS -C oA3 2 14 C H (C H )3 2 nC H=C HC OS -C oA C H (C H )3 2 5 2C H=C HC H C OS AC P C H (C H )3 2 6C H=C HC OS AC P C H (C H )3 2 6C OC H C OS AC P2C H (C H )3 2 6 2 2C H C H C OS AC P C H (C H )3 2 2 2 2C H C H C OS AC P C H C H C H C OS AC P3 2 2 C H (C H )3 2 6C H(OH)C H C OS AC P2 C H C H=C HC O.S -AC P3 C H (C H )3 2 2 2C OC H C OS AC P C H3C OC H C OS AC P2 C H (C H )3 2 n 2C OC H C OS AC PC H (C H )3 2 n 2C H(OH)C H C OS AC P C H (C H )3 2 2 2C H(OH)C H C OS AC P A C Y L -C oA (Mitoc hondria) C H (C H ) C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2n C H (C H ) C H=C HC OS C oA3 2 n C H (C H C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2n C H (C H ) C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2 2 C H (C H ) C H=C HC OS C oA3 2 2 C H (C H ) C OC H C OS C oA3 2 2n C H C OC H C OS C oA3 2 C H (C H ) C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2 C H C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2C H C H=C HC OS C oA3C H C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 C H C H C H C H C OS C oA3 2 2 2 P entenoyl-C oA C H C H C H=C HC OS C oA3 2 C H C H C H(OH)C H C OS C oA3 2 2 C H (C H ) C OC H C OS C oA3 2 2 2 C H C H C OC H C OS C oA3 2 2 OH OH HO OH O O- C H O-P O2 C H C HOHC H OH2 2 O C H2 C H2 R '-C O-OC H O-C O-R O-P O O- HOC H C H2 2NH 3 +P OC H C H2 2NH3 + C P P - OC H C H2 2 NH3 + O - C H O-C O-R2 C H O P2 OC H C H2 2NH 3 + C H C OC H C H N(C H )3 2 2 3 3 HOC H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + C H C H 2 C OO(NH )3 + OH OH C H C H 2 C OO- (NH )3 + C O NH2 C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + NH OC C O NH OC N H C H H N2 HC C H N N C R P H N2 C H C C HOC N N DP NH2 R P P P C H C C HOC N N NH 2 C C C C H R P (P ) HC N N N N NH2 H NC OO2 P (C H ) NH2 3 2H N(C H ) NH2 2 3 (C H ) NH2 4 (C H ) NH2 3 2H N(C H ) NH2 2 4 C H -S C H C H C HNH3 2 2 2 A denos yl + + C H3 C H3 C HC H(NH )C OO3 + C NHN C HC H C H C H(NH )C H OH2 3 2 + C NHN C HC H C H C H(NH )C H OP2 3 2 C NHN C H HC C H C OC H OP2 2 + HS C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 + + S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 R P C O C -C OOOC N HN C H 2.4.1.23 C H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H OH3 2 12 2 NH 3 + C H (C H ) C H(OH)C HC H OH3 2 14 2 NH 3 + C H (C H ) C OC HC H OH3 2 14 2 NH 3 + G alac tos eC H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H O-3 2 12 2 NH 3 + 4.1.1.70 H NC ONH2 2 OHC C H N(C H )2 3 3 + C -C H3 C O C HOC N DP HN C P P -O C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + OC H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + 1.2.1.41 UDP -N-A c -Muramate O O C H C H3 C OO- NHAC HO OP P U C H OH2 4.1.3.20 O OH C H3 HO HO OP P G 2.7.7.24 2.4.1.22 2.7.7.12 5.1.3.2 5.3.1.4 S edoheptulos e-P P 3.1.1.28 4.2.1.24 N C H2 C H2 N N N C H3 C H3 C H C H C OO C H C H C H2 H C3 H C3 HC C C H H F e C H2 C H2 C OO - - C H3 C H3 C H2 C H2 C H2 H C3 H C3 N H N H N H N H C H C H H C2 C C H2 H2 - C H2 C H2 C OO C H2 C H2 C OO - H C2 H C2 C H 2 C H 2 OOC C OO H N2 N H - - C H2 H C2 H C2 H C2 H2 H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 N H N H N H N H C OO C OO C OO C OO C C - - C H2 C H2 C OO C H2 C H2 C OO- - - - OOC- OOC - C H3 C H3 H C3 H C3 H C2 H2 H2 N H N H N H N H C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C C C OO- C H2 C H2 C OO C H2 C H2 C OO- - C OO- C OO- C H C (OH)C H C H O3 2 2 P P C H C OO2 OHC C OO HOC H C OO2 NH2 H NC NHC H C OO2 2 + NH2 H NC N(C H )C H C OO2 3 2 + NH2 HNC N(C H )C H C OO3 2P - + HN C NH C O N C H 2 C H3 OOC C HC H C OO2 H NC NHC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 N (NH )3 + C OO C HC OOHC C H2HOC H N OOC C H(OH)C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + C HC OO C H2HOC H H C2 N H NH C HC OO C H2C H2 C H2 OOC C H(OH)C H C OC OO2 N C HC OO C H2C H2 C H C H C OC OO3 OHC C OO + H NC ONHC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 (NH )3 C OO H NOC C H C H C H2 2 2 C OO(NH )3 + R -C O-C OO + C OOR -C H(NH )3 + C OOH NOC C H C H2 2 (NH 3 + OOC -C H-C OS C oA C H3 P OOC C H C H2 C OO(NH )3 + OOC C H C H C HO2 2 OHC C H C H2 C OO(NH )3 + (C H ) NC H C H(OH)C H C OO3 3 2 2 + OHC C H C H C H2 2 + C OO(NH )3 P OOC C H C H C H2 2 + C OO(NH )3 OHC C H C H C H C H2 2 2 C OO(NH )3 + NH C HC H C H C OO2 2 C OO C H C H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 C OO(NH )3 + H N(C H )2 42 C H(NH )C OO3 + (C H ) N(C H )3 3 2 3 C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + + C H 2 C H OOC C N HC C H-C OO C H2 C H2 C H-C OO OOC C N H C2 OOC C OC H C H C H C H-C OO2 2 2 OOC C H C H C ONH2 2 OOC C HC H C H C H C H-C OO2 2 2 OOC C H C H C ONH2 2 NH3 + OOC C H-C H C H C H C HC OO2 2 2 NH 3 + NH3 + (C H ) C HC (OH)C H3 2 2 C OOH C OO (C H ) C HC H C OC OO3 2 2 + (C H ) C HC H3 2 2 C H(NH )C OO3 HOC H C HC OO2 C H3 C HC OC OO C H3 C H3C H C OC (OH)C H3 3 C OO + P OC H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 + HOC H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 + C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 OOC C H C H2C OO 2 + C H S H2 OOC C H(NH )C H C H C ONHC HC ONHC H C OO3 2 2 2 HOC H C (C H ) C OC OO2 3 2 HOC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C OO2 3 2 NHC H C H C OO2 2HOC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O3 22 NHC H C H C OO2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2P C H C H3 2 C H 3 C H + C H(NH )C OO3 C H C OC (OH)C H C H3 2 3 C OO C HC OC OO C H C H3 2 C H3 NHC HC H S H2 C OO NHC H C H C O2 2OC H C (C H ) C H(OH)C O2 3 2P + C H S H2 OOC C H(NH )C H C H C ONHC HC OO3 2 2 + Adenosyl S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 + S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 + HO S C H C H(NH )C OO3 2 3 + + S -C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 S -C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + HS C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 1.1.1.23 H C NHN C HC C H C HC OO2 NHC OC H C H NH2 2 2 + H C NHN C HC C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 C HC H C H C OO2 2 NHN C H O C C C H C HC OO NHN C H C H C H C OO3 N H OOC C H-C OOOC NH2 C H2 H NC H C H C OO2 2 2 H NC H2 2 C H3 C HC OO H NC ONHC H C HC OO2 2 C H3 C C O C H R PHC N N N HN C CC O C H HC O N N N R P H N2 H C C C O C H N N R P H N2 H N2 C O O O P~ ~P O O O O P O O C H2 N N N N O OHOH NH2 HC C HN N N N O O P O O O C H2 OH NH2 HC C H C OO C O NH OC N H C H H N2 NH2 OOC -C H-C H C OO2 HNC O C C H N N C R P H N2 OOC C C H N R P N C H N2 C H=C HC OO OH C H=C HC OO C H C OC OO2 O O C OO O C H C OO2 O C H C OO2-OOC OC H 2 C H2 OHH C P HOC H HC OH OC C OO C OOHO OH OHO NH2C OO OC H NH C H C OC OO2 NH C HO C O NH2 OH C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + N C OO C OO N + C OO C OO R P O OH OH HO OP P U C OO O OH NHC OC H 3 HO OP P U C OO C H OH2 O O CC H 2 NHAC HO OP P U C OO C H OH2 O OHHO OH OH C OO OOC C H N(C H )2 3 2 Dimethylglyc ine 1.1.99.1 1.2.1.8 C OO HO HO C OO O HO OH C OO C H(O ) PP OC H2 C OO C H(OH)HOC H2 C OO C H(O )PHOC H2 C OO C H =C (O )2 P C OO C ONH 2 R ibose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P ) + N O O O O + C OO N R ibose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine O O O O II II OH O C H C H 2 C OO(NH )3 + E pinephrine (A drenaline) Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Normetepinephrine (Normetadrenaline) HOC H C H N (C H )2 2 3 3 + Adenosyl + + S C H C H C H(NH )C OO2 2 3 C H 3 (C H ) N(C H )3 3 2 3 C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + + OH OOC C H C H C H C OS C oA2 2 2 OOC C H C H C H NH2 2 2 2 OOC C H C H C H C OC OO2 2 2 OOC C H C H C H C H2 2 2 C OO(NH )3 + HO H HO H H HO H HO H P ros taglandin P G E2 OH HOC H 2 C C C O C C OO OHH OHH H - C OO OR '-C O-OC H C H O-C O-R2 C H O P OC MP2 O C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 + OHOC H C H OP O2 C H OH2 O- C H OP O2 O C H OC H=C HR2 C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + O- C H OP O2 OR '-C O-OC H C H O-C O-R2 3.1.1.32 C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + O- OHOC H C H OP O2 C H O-C O-R2 C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + O- C H C H(NH )C OO2 3 + + C NHN C HC H C H C H(NH )C HO2 3 HS 11-c is -R etinal P i A DP NADP + G DP - Mannuronate Mannos e-6-P Dehydro- s hikimate S hikimate R NA d-G DP d-C T P G UA NOS INE -P (G MP ) ß-A lanine P -R ibos yl-A MP P -R ibulos ylformimino 5-aminoimidazole- c arboxamide-R P Imidazole ac etol-P HS HS O - P A NTOT HE NA T E 3-Is opropyl- malate S uc c inic s emialdehyde 2.4.1.17 Diac yl glyc erol 2.3.1.6 1.14.12.1 1.4.4.2 C H C HO3 3.5.4.19 4.2.1.19 3.3.1.1 4.1.1.12 4.1.2.5 C OO-2OHC C H 2.1.4.1 2.4.99.7 5.1.3.12 1.1.1.132 4.2.1.46 2.7.1.7 2.4.1.29 2.4.1.21 2.4.1.13 2.4.1.1 etc. 5.4.2.2 2.7.1.6 2.7.7.10 3.1.1.18 4.1.1.34 2.7.1.47 2.7.1.16 3.1.3.9 A DP P -G luc ono lac tone 1.1.1.44 O O OHHO OH C H O2 P P HE NY L A L A NINET Y R OS INE T R Y P TOP HA N INOS INE -P (IMP ) T HY MIDINE -P HIS T IDINE UR IDINE - triphos phate (UT P ) C Y S T INE C Y S T E INE IS OL E UC INE L E UC INE LY S INE OR NIT HINE A R G ININE HY DR OXY P R OL INE P HOS P HA T IDY L S E R INE P hos phatidyl inos itol L E C IT HIN S P HING OMY E L IN S T E R OIDS P regnenolone 2.7.6.1 2.4.2.14 6.3.4.7 5.3.1.9 3.1.3.11 1.2.1.13 2.7.2.3 H OH OH C C C H C O OH C H H OH P OC H2 C H O2 P 5.4.2.1 A DP 4.2.1.11 E ndoplas mic R etic ulum 1.1.1.100 3.1.1.3 P hos phatidate 2.3.1.39 4.2.1.17 4.2.1.17 4.2.1.55 1.1.1.79 1.2.1.21 1.4.3.8 1.1.1.32 2.7.1.36 2.7.4.2 4.1.1.33 2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.7.8.5 2.7.8.1 4.1.1.65 2.7.7.14 1.3.99.7 P O O C H (C H ) C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H O3 2 12 2 NHAcyl C H C H N(C H )2 2 3 3 + O- 3.5.1.23 1.13.11.21 2.5.1.32 1.1.1.105 2.4.2.19 1.2.1.32 ME T HIONINE 4.1.3.27 4.2.1.51 1.14.17.1 1.14.18.1 1.14.13.11 G lyc inamide- ribos yl-P 4.2.1.22 3-Oxohexanoyl-C oA T HR E ONINE 1.2.1.25 1.2.1.25 1.2.1.25 1.5.1.7 - 10 G L UT A MA T E 2.3.1.38 A T P NA DH S UC R OS E A DE NOS INE -P (A MP ) T riac ylglyc erol F A T C H 3 C H2 OC -C OOOH C OO C H C H 2 C OO(NH )3 + G LY C OP R OT E INS G A NG L IOS IDE S MUC INS 4.1.2.- 2.6.1.- G L UC OS E O-A c yl-c arnitine O-A c yl-c arnitine OH O- - R -C O-OC H R '-C O-OC H R '-C O-OC H O HC O-C O-R C H C H(OH)C H O-P -OC H2 2 2 C H O-C O-R ’2 OR '-C O-OC H O - C H O-C O-R2 C H O-P O2 O- 2.7.8.11 H NC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 C OO(NH )3 + 2.3.1.20 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107 NH2 + + H NC NHC H C H C H C H2 2 2 2 C OO(NH )3 H OH HOH C C C C O OHH HOC H 2 C H OH2 R -C H2C OO C H O-C O-R2 C H O-C O-R "2 R ’-C O-OC H OH O C H C HNH2 3 + OR '-C O-OC H O- C H O-C O-R2 C H O P O2 C OO OOC C H C H C H2 2 C OO(NH )3 + C H C H(OH)C H(NH )C OO3 3 O OHHO OH OH C H OH2 NH C H O-C O-R2 1.3.1.13 4.1.1.28 Malonic s emi- aldehyde 2.7.2.4 2.1.3.3 3.5.1.2 6.3.1.2 6.3 .5. 5 C arbohydrates B iosynthes is Degradation A mino A c ids B iosynthes is Degradation L ipids B iosynthes is Degradation P urines & P yrimidines B iosynthes is Degradation B iosynthes is Degradation V itamins C o-enzymes & Hormones P entos e P hos phate P athway P hotos ynthes is Dark R eac tions C OMP A R T ME NT A T ION T he "B ackbone" of metabolism involves G LY C OLY S IS in the C Y T OP LAS M, the T C A C Y C LE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix and AT P F OR MAT ION spanning the MIT OC HONDR IAL INNE R ME MB R ANE An electron flow (an electric current) generated from NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy needed to form ATP from ADP and phosphate E lectron F low P roton F low S mall Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUB MB E nzyme C ommiss ion (E C ) R eference Numbers of E nzymes L E G E ND Human Metabolism is identified as far poss ible by black arrows B iosynthes is Degradation HE MOG L OB IN C HL OR OP HY L L A T P T R A N S L O C A T E D P R OTONS 2.7.1.1 A T P 2.7.1.2 sigma-aldrich.com/pathw ays A rgentina SIGMA-ALDRICH DE ARGENTINA, S.A. Tel: 54 11 4556 1472 Fax: 54 11 4552 1698 A ustralia SIGMA-ALDRICH PTY., LIMITED Free Tel: 1800 800 097 Free Fax: 1800 800 096 Tel: 612 9841 0555 Fax: 612 9841 0500 A ustria SIGMA-ALDRICH HANDELS GmbH Tel: 43 1 605 81 10 Fax: 43 1 605 81 20 Belgium SIGMA-ALDRICH NV/SA. Free Tel: 0800-14747 Free Fax: 0800-14745 Tel: 03 899 13 01 Fax: 03 899 13 11 Brazil SIGMA-ALDRICH BRASIL LTDA. Tel: 55 11 3732-3100 Fax: 55 11 3733-5151 Canada SIGMA-ALDRICH CANADA LTD. Free Tel: 800-565-1400 Free Fax: 800-265-3858 Tel: 905-829-9500 Fax: 905-829-9292 China SIGMA-ALDRICH CHINA INC. Tel: 86-21-6386 2766 Fax: 86-21-6386 3966 Czech Republic SIGMA-ALDRICH s.r.o. Tel: 246 003 200 Fax: 246 003 291 Denmark SIGMA-ALDRICH DENMARK A/S Tel: 43 56 59 10 Fax: 43 56 59 05 Finland SIGMA-ALDRICH FINLAND Tel: 358-9-350-92 50 Fax: 358-9-350-92 555 France SIGMA-ALDRICH CHIMIE S.à.r.l. Tel appel gratuit: 0800 211 408 Fax appel gratuit: 0800 031 052 Germany SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE GmbH Free Tel: 0800-51 55 000 Free Fax: 0800-649 00 00 Greece SIGMA-ALDRICH (O.M.) LTD Tel: 30 210 9948010 Fax: 30 210 9943831 Hungary SIGMA-ALDRICH Kft Tel: 06-1-235-9054 Fax: 06-1-269-6470 Ingyenes zöld telefon: 06-80-355-355 Ingyenes zöld fax: 06-80-344-344 India SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMICALS PRIVATE LIMITED Telephone Bangalore: 91-80-5112-7272 Hyderabad: 91-40-5531 5548 / 2784 2378 Mumbai: 91-22-2579 7588 / 2570 2364 New Delhi: 91-11-2616 5477 / 2619 5360 Fax Bangalore: 91-80-5112-7473 Hyderabad: 91-40-5531 5466 Mumbai: 91-22-2579 7589 New Delhi: 91-11-2616 5611 Ireland SIGMA-ALDRICH IRELAND LTD. Free Tel: 1800 200 888 Free Fax: 1800 600 222 SIGMA-ALDRICH ISRAEL LTD. Tel: 08-948-4100 Fax: 08-948-4200 Italy SIGMA-ALDRICH S.r.l. Telefono: 02 33417310 Fax: 02 38010737 Numero Verde: 800-827018 Japan SIGMA-ALDRICH JAPAN K.K. Tokyo Tel: 03 5821 3111 Tokyo Fax: 03 5821 3170 K orea SIGMA-ALDRICH KOREA Tel: 031-329-9000 Fax: 031-329-9090 M alaysia SIGMA-ALDRICH (M) SDN. BHD Tel: 603-56353321 Fax: 603-56354116 M exico SIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, S.A. de C.V. Free Tel: 01-800-007-5300 Free Fax: 01-800-712-9920 The Netherlands SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE BV Tel Gratis: 0800-0229088 Fax Gratis: 0800-0229089 Tel: 078-6205411 Fax: 078-6205421 New Zealand SIGMA-ALDRICH PTY., LIMITED Free Tel: 0800 936 666 Free Fax: 0800 937 777 Norw ay SIGMA-ALDRICH NORWAY AS Tel: 23 17 60 60 Fax: 23 17 60 50 Poland SIGMA-ALDRICH Sp. z o.o. Tel: (+61) 829 01 00 Fax: (+61) 829 01 20 Portugal SIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, S.A. Free Tel: 800 20 21 80 Free Fax: 800 20 21 78 Russia SIGMA-ALDRICH RUSSIA TechCare Systems, Inc. (SAF-LAB) Tel: 095-975-1917/3321 Fax: 095-975-4792 Singapore SIGMA-ALDRICH PTE. LTD. Tel: 65-6271 1089 Fax: 65-6271 1571 South A frica SIGMA-ALDRICH SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD. Tel: 27 11 979 1188 Fax: 27 11 979 1119 Spain SIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA S.A. Free Tel: 900101376 Free Fax: 900102028 Sw eden SIGMA-ALDRICH SWEDEN AB Tel: 020-350510 Fax: 020-352522 Outside Sweden Tel: +46 8 7424200 Outside Sweden Fax: +46 8 7424243 Sw itzerland FLUKA CHEMIE GmbH Swiss Free Call: 0800 80 00 80 Tel: +41 81 755 2828 Fax: +41 81 755 2815 United K ingdom SIGMA-ALDRICH COMPANY LTD. Free Tel: 0800 717181 Free Fax: 0800 378785 Tel: 01747 833000 Fax: 01747 833313 United States SIGMA-ALDRICH P.O. Box 14508 St. Louis, Missouri 63178 Toll-free: 800-325-3010 Call Collect: 314-771-5750 Toll-Free Fax: 800-325-5052 Tel: 314-771-5765 Fax: 314-771-5757 Internet: sigma-aldrich.com © 2003 International Union of Biochemistry and M olecular Biology www.iubmb.org 22nd Edition Designed by Donald E. Nicholson, D.Sc., The University of Leeds, England – and Sigma-A ldrich Product No. M 3907 XXX